dumont



(No Model.) 5 Sheets`Sheet 1.

A. DUMONT.

' WIND MOTOR. No. 400,065. vPatenmad:Mar. 26, 1889.

l, INI" 'N' ,14.

5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

A. DUMONT.

WIND MOTOR.

Patented Mar. 26, 1889.

I 5 Sheets-Shoe@ 3. A. DUMONT.

WIND MOTOR.

(No Model.)

5 Sheets-Sheet 4. A. DUMONT.

(No Model.)

WIND MOTOR.

Patented Mar. 26,l 1889.

FIE-1B- N. Prrsns, Phmmmgnpmar. wnsmngwn. n.0.

5 Sheets-Sheet 5.

(No Model.)

A. DUMONT.

WIND MOTOR.

Patented Mar. 26, 1889.

Wnwses:

trice.

ALEXANDRE DUMONT, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

WIND-MOTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 400,065, dated March 26, 1889.

Application filed April 14, 1885. Serial No. 162,183. (No model.) Patented in Spain April 4, 1882, No. 3,725; in France October 17, 1882, No. 151,626: in Belgium November 30,1882,No. 59,725; in England December 1, 1882, No. 5,748; in Germany December 14, 1882, No. 23,934; in Italy December 3l, 1882, XXIX, 426, and in Austria-Hungary October 26,1883,No.

T0 @ZZ whom, zit may concern:

Be it known that I, ALEXANDRE DUMONT, of the city of Paris, France, have invented new and useful Improvements in lVind-Motors, (for which I have obtained Letters Patent in France, No. 151,626, dated October 17, 1882; Belgium, No. 59,725, dated November 30, 1882; Germany, No. 23,984, dated December 14, 1882; Austria-Hungary, No. 42,864, dated October 26, 1883; England, No. 5,743, dated December 1, 1882; Spain, No. 3,725, folio 409, dated April 4, 1882, and Italy, No. 426, Volume 29, dated December 31, 1882,)l of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to an improved system of aerial motor or atmospheric turbine.

The principal advantages of this improved motor consist, first, in the form of the vanes or blades and the improved mechanism whereby it is enabled to trim or adjust itself automatically to the direction of the wind in a slight breeze of from 1.50 to 2 meters per second velocity and of producing` an impelling power when exposed to a slight wind of from two to two and one-half meters velocity only 5 second, in the capability of moderating its speed in a self-acting manner and without other aid, thus enabling it to work without risk in the most violent tempests; third, in the arrangements for insuring a supply. of oil for lubricating the whole of the frictional surfaces and keeping' the apparatus in working order, which supply needs replenishing from five to six times in the year only.

vThe invention consists of the new combinations of parts, hereinafter more f nlly specified.

'iheinvention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings, wherein- Figures 1 and 2 are face and side views showing the improved construction of motor wheel and framing as designed for mills of small or medium size in which the motion is transmitted by wheel and pinion gear. Fig. 1bi s is a side view of the motor-wheel, the van es or blades being removed. Figs. 3 to 5 represent one of the vanes or blades of the improved motor. Figs. 6 to 10 show portions of one of these improved motors mounted on lubricating bearings and of slightly-different on the motor-shaft; also a compensating and Y adjusting mechanism, which increases the power of the motor. Figs. 11 to 18bis show details of lubricating bearings eccentric and mode of pivotal suspension of the apparatus represented in Figs. 1, 2, and 6; and Fig. 19 is a vertical central section of the apparatus.

I will iirst describe generally the atmospheric turbine represented in Figs. 1 and 2. As will be seen in these figures, the whole apparatus is supported upon a hollow-column, A. In a step upon the top of the said column A is a steel pivot, upon which is hung the frame B, which in turn supports all the other parts of the motor and is free to turn automatically by the action of the wind, the blades being self-directing. The shaft D of the motor-Wheel E is supported in the bearing O and guide-bearing u, bein g counterbalanced by the weight- F.

G, Figs. land 2, is a bevel gear-wheel keyed to the shaft D, by which rotary motion is transmitted to a rod, H I, which passes down through the pivot and column A. Fig. 6 shows the wheel G to be an eccentric, imparting reciprocating motion to the rod H I.

I will now proceed to describe the various parts in detail.

First. The vanes or blades I now employ for the atmospheric turbine are very similar to those described in my former patent, dated March 20, 1883,No. 274,289. lVhile based on the same principle, they are, however, distinguished by two novel features, which play an important part in their construction. I have in the rst place found it more advantageous to base the arrangement of the vanes or blades upon the cotangent instead of the sinus of the angle made with the plane of rotation. 1 also considerably increase their breadth 02 02 at the circumference and reduce it to Zero at the center of the windmill. (See Fig. 4.) In consequence of these modifications, and in order thatthe importance of the novel arrangements by which the vancs thus constructed are utilized maybe more readily uiulc rstood,1 will proceed to fully describe one of the Yanes and the ina-nner in which it is applied. Fig. 2 3 shows the outline of the curve ol the vane and its projection on a vertical plane perpendicular to the shaft of the mill of which it forms part.. Fig. 4 shows the horizontal, and Fig. 5 the projection of the vane 'from the side opposite that in Fig. 'ihc vanes A, whatever may be their num* ber, which varies according to circumstances, (mllcetively occupy about tlnfee-fourths of the geometrical surface ol.- the mill withrinit, however, limiting myself thereto. lCach vane A is curved in its length from the center to the circumference (see Fig. inversely to the direction of motion, so that during its rotation about point o2, Fig. 3, the resistance of the air thrown back by its rear face shall be equally distributed over the entire area of said face, instead of being for the several parts O'll2 1121?2 F21)2 1)-1:32 proportiolt ate to the square of the velocity which each acquires during the motion, as would be the case were the vane flat instead of curved. Practically it may be constructed of the proportions represented in Fig. 25, according to a del11i-parabola whose directrix. and focus (a2 h2 f`- (lt/'2 (f2 g2 7121,13) vary throughout the out* line, the vertex oit' the parabola being at the center ot' the mill. Each vane may be supposed io be divided transversely into an inli nite number of curved lines, A2 32 (12D2 E21U2 G2112, Figs. 5i to 5, all of whose points are equidistant from the center of rotation, o2, and whose projections on a pla-ne perpendicular to the shal'tare all concentric. Each of these lilies lies wholly .in one plane, :forming with the plane of rotation a varying angle as follows: The cxtreme transverse curve, A2132, of the vane toward the circumference is inclined according to circumstances and the speed to be attained, so as to form an angle of from twrmty-live to thirty-five degrees with the plane of rotation. Frein this as a basis, the others, C2112 WF* F112, nearer the shaft are so inclined that the cotangent of the angle formed by the curve with the plane of rotation at any given point shall bear the same relation to the distance from that point to the center as the cotaugent at any other given point to the distance of that from the center. 'lhus each vane is parallel to the shaft at the center, while midway between the center and the circumference oi.' the millv it forms with it an angle of from forty to frinty-iive degrees, and at its extremity near the circumference it always forms with it an angle of from fiftylve to sixty-live degrees. A mill composed of iour Yanes-A', for example-when seen transversely presents an edge or length, O2 O2, Fig. 5, equal to about seven-twcntieths of the diameter of said mill, which dimensions are ifireiferablc to the four and iive-twentieths represented in Fig. 2 of my preceding patent. This length (l2 O2 would be proportionately reduced as it amjn'oach s the center, so that all the lines 12W ci di ""5, tc.,drawn parallel to the shaft on the lateral projection, Fig. 5, shall be proportionate lin length to the real distance between the shaft and the peints from which the lilies aghi c2 d? c2 f2 start. B y suitably combining the above principles in the construction of the va'nes a mill is obtained which will turn at a relatively much .faster rate in a light wind than when driven by a strong wind, and will always work smoothly and wit-hout shocks Vin the most vii olent tempests to which it may be exposed. Experiments made with a model one mcteriu diameter show that a mill entirely free and exposed unwcighted to a wind traveling at the rate of two meters per second will make one revolution for every two meters traveled by the wind, and ior awind of ten meters will make one revolution for every :four meters traveled by the wind. 1t was also proved that with a wind of from thirteen to fourteen meters velocity the mill attained its greatest speed, which is rarely exceeded,however violent may be the motion of the air-currents- The maximum speed attained by a similar mill of four meters diameter under the same conditions was from titty to fifty-five revoln tions per minute. lt is thus evident that Yanes of large area and of a form suited i'or catching the slightest breeze may be exposed without danger to the most violent tempests.

Secondly. The vanes composing the windmill E, described and as shown in liigs. l and 2, are mounted between a pair of ring frames or wheels, L M, provided with spokes extending from the circumference to the vane, with cross-stays a," intersecting each other in the interior and with tie-rods lf' for holding the rings rigidly apart, (see Fig. 1145,) which represents the :fra ming L M without the vanos. The vanes A, which are made olf sheet-iron or other metal, are attached to the spokes at each point of intersection at their forward ends and to the cross-stays at their rear ends, and being held between the rings andeonsolidated by the cross-ties which hold the rings rigid a very strong but comparatively light structure is obtained. The mill constructed as described is, moreover, for the purpose ot' being more easily worked separately mounted upon a hollow spindle, A, capable of being readily iitted upon the shaft 1), Figs. l and if), the length of which may be correspondingly reduced, while to facilitate transportation and repair in the case of large mills each ring L lll, with its cross-stays b and spokes, is made in sections, which may be connected together at the center and circinniferencc.

Thirdly. The bearings C, of which l "igs. ,ll and l2 show sectional elevations at right angles, consist, essentially, of a roller, O, of a diameter equal to about "live times that oi.' shaft D, which turns in contact therewith. The roller O is mounted on a spindle, 1)", turning in lubricating bearings P, which rest upon Usshaped bearings Q, each half et' which is hollowed at top to embrace the shali't l), and may also serve to support the same.

TOO

IV hen the mill has been fitted in position, the shaft D is supported entirely by the roller O, for which purpose the shaft is provided at this point with a steel bush, R, preferably made in two halves to facilitate placing it in position. S is a cap bolted on the bearings Q to prevent the lifting or lateral displacement of the shaft. T is an oil-reservoir at the lower part of the bearing Q, in which a wick is kept constantly in contact with the roller O by a spring. The form of the reservoir T is such as to insure any excess of oil supplied to the wick being returned thereto. U4 U4 are screws fitted in each half of the bearings Q, which serve to raise the. shaft D when it is desiredto examine the roller O or bearings P. It will be seen that the abovedescribed mechanism provides an exceptionally smooth rolling surface and insures a perfeet lubrication of the working-surfaces for a lengthened period of time. The bearings represented in Figs. 13 and 14, like that above described, is composed of a roller, r, in contact with which the shaft D revolves, the shaft being provided at this point with a steel bushing, s, held in position by a cap, t. The distinguishing feature in this bearing is that the roller r is of small diameter and is, together with its journals, inclosed in an oilvessel and completely immersed in oil.

Fourthly. Fig. 15, I6, and 17 show in elevation longitliidinal and transverse sections relatively to shaft D of a closed eccentric yoke, D", which carries the rod H I, and is connected to said shaft by the guide-slots V2. A sufficient quantity of oil for two or three months is supplied to the shaft D workingin the slots V2 by the two rollers X X, carried by the yoke D'l below the shaft D, and to the eccentric G itself by two other rollers, Y, carried by the yoke D, all four of which rollers are mounted on springs and turn freely on their axes and dip in a cavity made at the bottom of the eccentric box or yoke D4. These arrangements, while insuring a supply of lubricating-oil for a lengthened period, also dispense with the necessity of placing a guide for the transmission-rod I-I I above and immediately below the eccentric-yoke G, which is a great advantage.

Fifthly. Fig. 18 is a section al elevation showing details of the mode of suspending the framing B. At the upper end of the column A is iitted a step, Z, (separately represented in Fig. 18b5,) having a tube, 0c, for retaining the oil, the step being provided with an opening through which the transmission-rod H I freely passes, but which is rendered oil-tight `by the tube 00 passing through the step, and

being soldered in said opening. In the bottom of the step Z, which is filled with oil around said tube is an annular steel bush, upon which a cap, W, also similarlyprovided with a steel bush, is hung orsupported. The cap is first placed in position, after which the frame Il is drawn upward by means of four adjlisting-screws, with which said cap is provided and which engage the frame B until it abuts against it. rlhe frame B will be thus hung or suspended upon an annular pivot. The frame B, as before mentioned, is in equilibrium, the counter-balance F, Fig'. l, being' adjusted to suit. With a view, however, to guard against the effects of sudden gusts of wind or otherwise upon the frame, said frame is provided with a collar, a6, bolted to its under side, fitting upon an enlarged part of the supporting-column A and dipping in an annular cavity, A3, containing oil provided at this point, as shown in Fig. 18. In this manner the lubrication of the parts connected with the automatic adjustmentof the mill to the direction of the wind is insured for aperiod of two or three months, such lubrication greatly facilitating its motion. This is evident from the fact that the apparatus when exposed to a light breeze of two meters velocity per second will shift to the extent of from twenty degrees to twenty-five degrees.

Sixthly. The so-called compensating mechanism is represented in Figs. 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, and consists of a toothed wheelJ, keyed ou the mill-shaft D, or upon an intermediate shaft receiving motion therefrom,which drives at the rate of two turns to one of said wheel, a pinion, m, hung in suitable bearings, which pinion actuates a lever-arm, n, provided with a weight, p, suitable to the power of the mill. The advantages of this arrangement will be seen by examining with regard to a certain number of positions comprising one revolution of the eccentric the action of the latter and that of the weight p. Fig. 7 shows the eccentric in the middle of its upward movement, which demands of the driving-shaft D a maximum effort to overcome the resistance opposed to it, at which moment the weight p falls and assists the shaft by its whole weight multiplied by the leverage. In Fig. S the eccentric, being at the top of its course, does not absorb any power and allows full freedom of action of which the shaft is capable, and leaves the whole power of the shaft available, which power is absorbed by the weight p, which in rising offers a maximum resistance. In Fig. 9 the eccentric is in the middle of its downward course, and in Fig. 10 in its lowest position presenting situations similar to those of Figs. 7 and 8. The compensating mechanism above described thus forms a new kind of y-wheel for storing the power of the motor unutilized at the end of the course of the eccentric and rendering this power available at the desired moment for carrying it past the dead-points. Its utility is particularly evident in light winds, when the mill turns slowly and cannot itself perform the office of a fly-wheel.

Having now described my invention, what I claim is- 1. The rotary vane of a wind-motor constructed on the demi-parabola a2 b2 c2 cl2 e2 f2 g2 h2 i2 and forming the curves A2132 02D2 EQF2 G2112, said curves lying in planos that form IOO IIO

varying angles with the piane ol.' rotation, the coiangent of the angle formed by the plane ot' each curve with the piane of rotation being proportionate to the distance between each curve and its center, as specified.

L). .In a windmill, the combination of the ind-heel E and its shaft D, having steel bush ing' R, with the supporting-roller O, bear ings l P, oilechaniber T, containing a Wick that contacts the roher O, and screws UAl U4, whereby the shaft D may be adjusted with relation to the roller O, as specified.

2i. The wind-wheel E and its shaft D, coinbi ned with the eccentric G, eccentric-yoke D4, havingI slots V2, through which the shaft D passes, relier X, that engages the shaft D to lnbricate the saine, roller Y, that engages the eccentric G, and rod H I, substantially as herein shown and described.

L The wind-Wheel E and its shaft D, conibined with the swiveied supporting-frame B,

post A, passing through and supporting the.

ranie D, cap NV secured to the frame B over the post, and the annular step Z, surrounded by the cap XV and carried by the post A within its' upper end, substantially as herein shown and described.

5. The wind-wheel E and its shaft D, com-l bined with the swiveled supperting-fran1e B, post A, passing` through and supporting said frame, cap NV secured to the frame B, annular step Z, carried by the post A at its upper end and within the cap \V,co1lar a on frame B at a distance below the cap W, and with an annular cavity, A3, on the post A, into which said collar a dips, as specified.

G. The Wind-Whee1 E and its shaft D, combined with the toothed Wheels Z m, the Wheel. l being' driven by the shaft D, and the Wheel m driven by the Wheel Z, lever-arm n, actuated by the wheel m, Weight p on the arm n, eccentric G on the shaft D, and rod 1I I, connected with the eccentric G, substantially as herein shown and described.

The foregoing specification oi' nly improvements in Wind-motors signed by ine this 19th day of March, 1885.

ALEXANDRE DUMONT.

\\'itnesses:

Roni. M. Heerlen, ALBERT MOREAU. 

